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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPipeline 01 - Winter 2013T H E O T A Y W A TER DISTRICT • P R OUDLY SERVING E A ST C OUNT Y A ND TH E S OUTH B A Y SINC E 1956 A NE W SLE T T E R FOR CUS T O M E R S OF T HE OTA Y W ATER DISTRICT FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE OTAY WATER DISTRICT CALL 619.670.2222 OR GO TO WWW.OTAYWATER.GOV The Pipeline Newsletter is published quarterly by the Otay Water District and can also be found online at www.otaywater.gov. Copyright © 2013 Otay Water District. All rights reserved. winter 2013 The Value of WaTer: The Importance of Infrastructure Water infrastructure --the extensive system of pipelines, reservoirs, pump stations, meters, hydrants and valves -- is the foundation of the Otay Water District. Simply put, without this infrastructure, when we go to turn on a faucet to shower, cook, clean, or water the garden, nothing would come out of the tap. Public water infrastructure is easy to take for granted since it is often underground. This out-of-sight out-of-mind mentality may explain why, in many areas of the country, under-investing in infrastructure has become the norm. However, since its establishment as a California special district, the Otay Water District has instead invested millions of dollars to plan, build, and maintain its infrastructure in order to reliably and affordably deliver drinking water. How much infrastructure is there within the District? If all of the District’s potable and recycled water mains were placed end- to-end, the pipeline would stretch the entire length of California, more than 800 miles from Mexico to Oregon. The District operates a network that delivers more than 9 billion gallons of water to customers each year through a network that includes 40 water reservoirs, 21 pump stations, 49,000 water meters, 23,300 control valves, and 5,903 fire hydrants. The area the District serves is three times the size of Manhattan and reaches from Otay Mesa to El Cajon, and from I-805 east to Jamul. If it weren’t for this water infrastructure, much of San Diego’s East County and South Bay would look very different today. For instance, when it was founded in 1956, the population of the District’s service area was fewer than 700 people. Today, recent estimates place the population at more than 211,000. Throughout its history, the Otay Water District has been steadfast in its commitment to strong infrastructure planning and maintenance as it is vital to the local economy and essential in maintaining the quality of life for the community. Investments in water infrastructure are actually an investment in communities and an investment in a region’s economic future. Extensive and efficient infrastructure is critical for ensuring the effective functioning of an economy. As important as determining the location of economic activity, it also determines the kinds of activities that can develop. When considering the value that water brings to our daily lives, having a reliable and safe supply of water is the foundation upon which communities and economies grow and prosper, and upon which all of our lives depend. It gives weight to the truism that “Life grows where the water flows.” el Valor del agua: la importancia de la Infraestructura La infraestructura del agua - el extenso sistema de tuberías, depósitos, estaciones de bombeo, hidrantes, medidores y válvulas - es el fundamento del Distrito de Agua de Otay. En pocas palabras, sin esta infraestructura, cuando vamos a abrir la llave para la ducha, cocinar, limpiar o regar el jardín, nada saldría de la llave. Es fácil subestimar la infraestructura del agua pública, ya que a menudo se encuentra bajo tierra. Esa mentalidad de ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente, puede explicar por qué, en muchas zonas del país, la baja inversión en infraestructura se ha convertido en la norma. Sin embargo, desde su creación como un distrito especial en California, el Distrito de Agua de Otay ha invertido millones de dólares para planificar, construir y mantener la infraestructura con el fin de entregar agua potable de manera fiable y económica. ¿Cuánta infraestructura existe dentro del Distrito? Si todas la redes de agua potable y reciclada del distrito se colocaron de extremo a extremo, la tubería se extendería a todo lo largo de California, más de 800 millas de México a Oregón. El Distrito opera una red que ofrece más de 9 billones de galones de agua cada año a los clientes a través de una red que incluye 40 depósitos de agua, 21 estaciones de bombeo, 49,000 contadores de agua, 23,300 válvulas de control, y 5,903 bocas de incendio. La área de servicio del distrito es tres veces el tamaño de Manhattan y se extiende desde Otay Mesa hasta El Cajon, y desde la carretera 805 Este hasta Jamul. Si no fuera por esta infraestructura de agua, gran parte del este del condado de San Diego y de South Bay sería muy diferente hoy día. Por ejemplo, cuando se fundó en el año 1956, la población del área de servicio del Distrito era menos de 700 personas. Hoy en día, según estimaciones recientes, la población es más de 211,000 personas. A lo largo de su historia, el Distrito de Agua de Otay ha sido firme en su compromiso de una planificación sólida de infraestructura y su mantenimiento, ya que es importante para la economía local y esencial en el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida de la comunidad. Las inversiones en infraestructura de agua son en realidad una inversión en las comunidades y una inversión en el futuro económico de una región. Infraestructura extensa y eficiente es fundamental para garantizar el buen funcionamiento de una economía. Tan importante como determinando la zona de actividad económica, también determina el tipo de actividades que se pueden desarrollar. Al considerar el valor que el agua trae a nuestras vidas diarias, tener un suministro confiable y seguro de agua es la base sobre la cual comunidades y las economías crecen y prosperan, y de lo que depende la vida de todos. Es como dice el dicho “La vida crece donde el agua fluye”. In·fra·struc·ture n. 1. An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. 2. The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water and power lines. In• fra • es•truc•tu•ra (s.) 1. Una base o fundación especialmente para una organización o sistema. 2. Los servicios básicos, e instalaciones necesarias para el funcionamiento de una comunidad o sociedad, como los sistemas de transporte y comunicaciones, agua y electricidad. FoLLow oTAy wATer on... SIgA AL DISTrITo De AgUA De oTAy en... Copyright © Nan Sterman 2013. All rights reserved. Nan Sterman’sPlant Soup Inc. Otay Water District – Board of Directors The Board of Directors meets on the first Wednesday of the month at 3:30 pm in the Board meeting room. The public is encouraged to attend at 2554 Sweetwater Spring Bvd., Spring Valley, CA. PresidentJose Lopez, Division 4jlopez@otaywater.gov Vice PresidentMitch Thompson, Division 2mthompson@otaywater.gov TreasurerDavid Gonzalez, Division 1dgonzalez@otaywater.gov Board MemberGary Croucher, Division 3gcroucher@otaywater.gov Board MemberMark Robak, Division 5OtayWater@cox.net Mulch Mulch is any kind of material that you spread over the soil in a layer, two to three inches thick. Beginners often think that the purpose of mulch is to make the garden look tidy, which certainly is one outcome. More importantly, a thick layer of mulch insulates the soil. It keeps moisture in so plant roots stay moist, and you can irrigate less often. Mulch also buffers the soil, so temperature changes are modulated. It covers weed seeds so they are in the dark where they can’t germinate. Weeds that sprout in mulch typically blow in or are carried in by birds (a nice way to say that birds poop the seeds into the garden). Because mulch is loose and open, these errant weeds are easy to pull out. “Organic” mulches are mulches that are made from dead plant materials such as leaves, plant clippings, ground up branches, and so on. Typically, these materials are ground up and aged or composted so they break down before being spread over the soil. They continue to break down over time, blending into the soil and improving its texture. Decomposing mulch helps heavy clay soils drain better. It helps porous sandy soils hold water better. The organic matter also creates habitat for earthworms, beneficial fungi and other soil microorganisms that interact with plant roots to grow healthy plants. Organic mulches work well for all plants except succulents. Succulents do better with “inorganic” mulches such as gravel, pebbles, tumbled glass, even glass marbles. Several years ago, I designed an ornamental garden in Mira Mesa where the soil is filled with cobbles. The installer and his crew were extremely frustrated trying to dig planting holes in the cobbles. When I saw they had piled the rocks up for disposal, I insisted they use them instead to mulch the new plantings. We had enough cobble to cover about half the garden; the rest were mulched with organic mulch. Six months later, the plants mulched with cobble were almost twice the size of those surrounded by organic mulch. It was a good lesson. If you don’t have your own supply of mulch, you can purchase rocks and other inorganic mulches at the rockyard. Purchase organic mulch by the truckload or by the bag from your local greenwaste facility or garden supplier. Straw is my favorite mulch for vegetable gardens. A dense layer of straw keeps moisture in and soil cool, but is lightweight enough for seedlings to push up through. Be sure to buy straw, not hay. Hay has seeds, straw does not. If you mulch with hay, you’ll grow hay. Feed stores stock baled straw for animal bedding. When the straw gets too old or moldy, it can’t be used for bedding, so its often available at a discount to gardeners. A three-inch thick layer of mulch is optimal. Don’t leave any bare dirt, with one important exception – several inches surrounding the base of a plant. Except for straw mulch, no mulch should ever touch the stem or trunk of a living plant. Where mulch touches stems and trunks, it holds moisture, which can lead to problems with fungi, bacteria, and general rot. If a plant grows over the mulch and touches it, that’s fine, but don’t let it touch the plants when you spread it Remember, organic mulches break down over time. Renew them once or twice a year as needed. Garden expert, designer, and author Nan Sterman specializes in low water, sustainable, and edible landscapes. She is author of California Gardener’s Guide vII. Watch for Nan’s new TV series, A Growing Passion, on KPBS in starting May. For information, visit www.PlantSoup.com For more class information and prices visit www.thegarden.org Saturday, March 2nd (10:00 am-12 noon) “The natives are restless and Beautiful!” Join “Native Plant Guru” Greg Rubin, of California’s Own Native Landscape Design, on an exploration of the virtues and variety of native plants. Proper care and placement of these drought-tolerant beauties will be covered. Members: Free, non-Members; $10.00. Saturday March 23 (10:00 am – 12:00 noon) Protea and grevillea Species: exotic options for Drought Tolerant gardens Walter Parkola, owner of Blossom Valley Protea, takes you on a morning tour to discover the Protea and Grevillea species at The Garden. Walter shares the history, characteristics, and care of these unique and exotic species. Members: Free, non-Members; $10.00. east Chula Vista water Pipeline to be relined Later this year, the San Diego County Water Authority (Water Authority) is planning to reline a large-diameter pipeline that delivers water to east Chula Vista and Otay Mesa. The project called the Sweetwater to Lower Otay Relining Project is part of the Water Authority’s ongoing maintenance work and includes programs that rehabilitate and extend the life of the region’s water supply pipelines. The impacts to residents along the more than 5 mile long pipeline project will be minimal and water services will not be affected. Projects such as these help to ensure a safe and reliable water supply for the entire county. Information about the relining project, project documents, updates and links to the Water Authority website will be available on the Otay Water District’s website at www.otaywater.gov. The relining project is currently in the design phase. For more information about the project, please call the Water Authority at (877) 682-9283 x7005. The Water Authority is a public agency serving the San Diego region as a wholesale supplier of water. Otay Water District purchases potable water from the Water Authority. final leg of Calavo gardens Project underway Sewer rehabilitation Project nearing Completion Construction on the final leg of the Calavo Gardens Sewer Rehabilitation project has begun and is expected to be completed in May 2013. The District has committed $3.3 million to replace old infrastructure with new and larger capacity sewer pipes in the Calavo Gardens community along Avocado Blvd., Calavo Drive, Louisa Drive, and Challenge Blvd. as well as improvements to the Calavo sewer lift station. The replacement of aging and sagging sewer pipes as well as other improvements greatly reduces the possibility of clogs, breaks and costly spills. When completed, the Calavo Gardens area will benefit from 4,500 linear feet of new pipeline. This action also enhances the integrity of the entire sewage system in the area. In these final stages of the rehabilitation project, a section of Avocado Boulevard in front of the Rancho San Diego Village shopping center will be reduced to one lane in each direction generally between the hours of 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. HUnTe PArKwAy PIPELINE PROJECT The $1.2 million Hunte Parkway Pipeline project to increase water delivery to east Chula Vista is near completion. Crews are installing a new, half-mile long steel pipeline to transport potable water. The pipeline stretches along Hunte Parkway from Proctor Valley to the entrance of the Salt Creek Golf Club. The District is now entering the final phase of the improvement project, with an anticipated completion date of late March 2013. The final work will be done at the intersection of Proctor Valley and Hunte Parkway. Commuters can expect some delays in traffic between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. with the south side of Hunte Parkway reduced to one lane during construction hours. This water pipeline project will help ensure area residents do not experience low water pressure during peak demand periods. Plant Fair March 28 am - noon Save up to 50% on select low-water-use plants and learn how to use them in your garden. Home Depot 1320 eastlake Pkwy Chula Vista, 91915 Copyright © Nan Sterman 2013. All rights reserved. Nan Sterman’sPlant Soup Inc. Otay Water District – Board of Directors The Board of Directors meets on the first Wednesday of the month at 3:30 pm in the Board meeting room. The public is encouraged to attend at 2554 Sweetwater Spring Bvd., Spring Valley, CA. PresidentJose Lopez, Division 4jlopez@otaywater.gov Vice PresidentMitch Thompson, Division 2mthompson@otaywater.gov TreasurerDavid Gonzalez, Division 1dgonzalez@otaywater.gov Board MemberGary Croucher, Division 3gcroucher@otaywater.gov Board MemberMark Robak, Division 5OtayWater@cox.net Mulch Mulch is any kind of material that you spread over the soil in a layer, two to three inches thick. Beginners often think that the purpose of mulch is to make the garden look tidy, which certainly is one outcome. More importantly, a thick layer of mulch insulates the soil. It keeps moisture in so plant roots stay moist, and you can irrigate less often. Mulch also buffers the soil, so temperature changes are modulated. It covers weed seeds so they are in the dark where they can’t germinate. Weeds that sprout in mulch typically blow in or are carried in by birds (a nice way to say that birds poop the seeds into the garden). Because mulch is loose and open, these errant weeds are easy to pull out. “Organic” mulches are mulches that are made from dead plant materials such as leaves, plant clippings, ground up branches, and so on. Typically, these materials are ground up and aged or composted so they break down before being spread over the soil. They continue to break down over time, blending into the soil and improving its texture. Decomposing mulch helps heavy clay soils drain better. It helps porous sandy soils hold water better. The organic matter also creates habitat for earthworms, beneficial fungi and other soil microorganisms that interact with plant roots to grow healthy plants. Organic mulches work well for all plants except succulents. Succulents do better with “inorganic” mulches such as gravel, pebbles, tumbled glass, even glass marbles. Several years ago, I designed an ornamental garden in Mira Mesa where the soil is filled with cobbles. The installer and his crew were extremely frustrated trying to dig planting holes in the cobbles. When I saw they had piled the rocks up for disposal, I insisted they use them instead to mulch the new plantings. We had enough cobble to cover about half the garden; the rest were mulched with organic mulch. Six months later, the plants mulched with cobble were almost twice the size of those surrounded by organic mulch. It was a good lesson. If you don’t have your own supply of mulch, you can purchase rocks and other inorganic mulches at the rockyard. Purchase organic mulch by the truckload or by the bag from your local greenwaste facility or garden supplier. Straw is my favorite mulch for vegetable gardens. A dense layer of straw keeps moisture in and soil cool, but is lightweight enough for seedlings to push up through. Be sure to buy straw, not hay. Hay has seeds, straw does not. If you mulch with hay, you’ll grow hay. Feed stores stock baled straw for animal bedding. When the straw gets too old or moldy, it can’t be used for bedding, so its often available at a discount to gardeners. A three-inch thick layer of mulch is optimal. Don’t leave any bare dirt, with one important exception – several inches surrounding the base of a plant. Except for straw mulch, no mulch should ever touch the stem or trunk of a living plant. Where mulch touches stems and trunks, it holds moisture, which can lead to problems with fungi, bacteria, and general rot. If a plant grows over the mulch and touches it, that’s fine, but don’t let it touch the plants when you spread it Remember, organic mulches break down over time. Renew them once or twice a year as needed. Garden expert, designer, and author Nan Sterman specializes in low water, sustainable, and edible landscapes. She is author of California Gardener’s Guide vII. Watch for Nan’s new TV series, A Growing Passion, on KPBS in starting May. For information, visit www.PlantSoup.com For more class information and prices visit www.thegarden.org Saturday, March 2nd (10:00 am-12 noon) “The natives are restless and Beautiful!” Join “Native Plant Guru” Greg Rubin, of California’s Own Native Landscape Design, on an exploration of the virtues and variety of native plants. Proper care and placement of these drought-tolerant beauties will be covered. Members: Free, non-Members; $10.00. Saturday March 23 (10:00 am – 12:00 noon) Protea and grevillea Species: exotic options for Drought Tolerant gardens Walter Parkola, owner of Blossom Valley Protea, takes you on a morning tour to discover the Protea and Grevillea species at The Garden. Walter shares the history, characteristics, and care of these unique and exotic species. Members: Free, non-Members; $10.00. east Chula Vista water Pipeline to be relined Later this year, the San Diego County Water Authority (Water Authority) is planning to reline a large-diameter pipeline that delivers water to east Chula Vista and Otay Mesa. The project called the Sweetwater to Lower Otay Relining Project is part of the Water Authority’s ongoing maintenance work and includes programs that rehabilitate and extend the life of the region’s water supply pipelines. The impacts to residents along the more than 5 mile long pipeline project will be minimal and water services will not be affected. Projects such as these help to ensure a safe and reliable water supply for the entire county. Information about the relining project, project documents, updates and links to the Water Authority website will be available on the Otay Water District’s website at www.otaywater.gov. The relining project is currently in the design phase. For more information about the project, please call the Water Authority at (877) 682-9283 x7005. The Water Authority is a public agency serving the San Diego region as a wholesale supplier of water. Otay Water District purchases potable water from the Water Authority. final leg of Calavo gardens Project underway Sewer rehabilitation Project nearing Completion Construction on the final leg of the Calavo Gardens Sewer Rehabilitation project has begun and is expected to be completed in May 2013. The District has committed $3.3 million to replace old infrastructure with new and larger capacity sewer pipes in the Calavo Gardens community along Avocado Blvd., Calavo Drive, Louisa Drive, and Challenge Blvd. as well as improvements to the Calavo sewer lift station. The replacement of aging and sagging sewer pipes as well as other improvements greatly reduces the possibility of clogs, breaks and costly spills. When completed, the Calavo Gardens area will benefit from 4,500 linear feet of new pipeline. This action also enhances the integrity of the entire sewage system in the area. In these final stages of the rehabilitation project, a section of Avocado Boulevard in front of the Rancho San Diego Village shopping center will be reduced to one lane in each direction generally between the hours of 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. HUnTe PArKwAy PIPELINE PROJECT The $1.2 million Hunte Parkway Pipeline project to increase water delivery to east Chula Vista is near completion. Crews are installing a new, half-mile long steel pipeline to transport potable water. The pipeline stretches along Hunte Parkway from Proctor Valley to the entrance of the Salt Creek Golf Club. The District is now entering the final phase of the improvement project, with an anticipated completion date of late March 2013. The final work will be done at the intersection of Proctor Valley and Hunte Parkway. Commuters can expect some delays in traffic between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. with the south side of Hunte Parkway reduced to one lane during construction hours. This water pipeline project will help ensure area residents do not experience low water pressure during peak demand periods. Plant Fair March 28 am - noon Save up to 50% on select low-water-use plants and learn how to use them in your garden. Home Depot 1320 eastlake Pkwy Chula Vista, 91915 T H E O T AY W A TER DISTRICT • P R OUDL Y SERVING E A ST C OUNT Y A ND TH E S OUTH B AY SINC E 1956 A NE W SLE T T E R FOR CUS T O M E R S OF T HE O TAY WATER DISTRICT FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE OTAY WATER DISTRICT CALL 619.670.2222 OR GO TO WWW.OTAYWATER.GOV The Pipeline Newsletter is published quarterly by the Otay Water District and can also be found online at www.otaywater.gov. Copyright © 2013 Otay Water District. All rights reserved. winter 2013 The Value of WaTer: The Importance of Infrastructure Water infrastructure --the extensive system of pipelines, reservoirs, pump stations, meters, hydrants and valves -- is the foundation of the Otay Water District. Simply put, without this infrastructure, when we go to turn on a faucet to shower, cook, clean, or water the garden, nothing would come out of the tap. Public water infrastructure is easy to take for granted since it is often underground. This out-of-sight out-of-mind mentality may explain why, in many areas of the country, under-investing in infrastructure has become the norm. However, since its establishment as a California special district, the Otay Water District has instead invested millions of dollars to plan, build, and maintain its infrastructure in order to reliably and affordably deliver drinking water. How much infrastructure is there within the District? If all of the District’s potable and recycled water mains were placed end- to-end, the pipeline would stretch the entire length of California, more than 800 miles from Mexico to Oregon. The District operates a network that delivers more than 9 billion gallons of water to customers each year through a network that includes 40 water reservoirs, 21 pump stations, 49,000 water meters, 23,300 control valves, and 5,903 fire hydrants. The area the District serves is three times the size of Manhattan and reaches from Otay Mesa to El Cajon, and from I-805 east to Jamul. If it weren’t for this water infrastructure, much of San Diego’s East County and South Bay would look very different today. For instance, when it was founded in 1956, the population of the District’s service area was fewer than 700 people. Today, recent estimates place the population at more than 211,000. Throughout its history, the Otay Water District has been steadfast in its commitment to strong infrastructure planning and maintenance as it is vital to the local economy and essential in maintaining the quality of life for the community. Investments in water infrastructure are actually an investment in communities and an investment in a region’s economic future. Extensive and efficient infrastructure is critical for ensuring the effective functioning of an economy. As important as determining the location of economic activity, it also determines the kinds of activities that can develop. When considering the value that water brings to our daily lives, having a reliable and safe supply of water is the foundation upon which communities and economies grow and prosper, and upon which all of our lives depend. It gives weight to the truism that “Life grows where the water flows.” el Valor del agua: la importancia de la Infraestructura La infraestructura del agua - el extenso sistema de tuberías, depósitos, estaciones de bombeo, hidrantes, medidores y válvulas - es el fundamento del Distrito de Agua de Otay. En pocas palabras, sin esta infraestructura, cuando vamos a abrir la llave para la ducha, cocinar, limpiar o regar el jardín, nada saldría de la llave. Es fácil subestimar la infraestructura del agua pública, ya que a menudo se encuentra bajo tierra. Esa mentalidad de ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente, puede explicar por qué, en muchas zonas del país, la baja inversión en infraestructura se ha convertido en la norma. Sin embargo, desde su creación como un distrito especial en California, el Distrito de Agua de Otay ha invertido millones de dólares para planificar, construir y mantener la infraestructura con el fin de entregar agua potable de manera fiable y económica. ¿Cuánta infraestructura existe dentro del Distrito? Si todas la redes de agua potable y reciclada del distrito se colocaron de extremo a extremo, la tubería se extendería a todo lo largo de California, más de 800 millas de México a Oregón. El Distrito opera una red que ofrece más de 9 billones de galones de agua cada año a los clientes a través de una red que incluye 40 depósitos de agua, 21 estaciones de bombeo, 49,000 contadores de agua, 23,300 válvulas de control, y 5,903 bocas de incendio. La área de servicio del distrito es tres veces el tamaño de Manhattan y se extiende desde Otay Mesa hasta El Cajon, y desde la carretera 805 Este hasta Jamul. Si no fuera por esta infraestructura de agua, gran parte del este del condado de San Diego y de South Bay sería muy diferente hoy día. Por ejemplo, cuando se fundó en el año 1956, la población del área de servicio del Distrito era menos de 700 personas. Hoy en día, según estimaciones recientes, la población es más de 211,000 personas. A lo largo de su historia, el Distrito de Agua de Otay ha sido firme en su compromiso de una planificación sólida de infraestructura y su mantenimiento, ya que es importante para la economía local y esencial en el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida de la comunidad. Las inversiones en infraestructura de agua son en realidad una inversión en las comunidades y una inversión en el futuro económico de una región. Infraestructura extensa y eficiente es fundamental para garantizar el buen funcionamiento de una economía. Tan importante como determinando la zona de actividad económica, también determina el tipo de actividades que se pueden desarrollar. Al considerar el valor que el agua trae a nuestras vidas diarias, tener un suministro confiable y seguro de agua es la base sobre la cual comunidades y las economías crecen y prosperan, y de lo que depende la vida de todos. Es como dice el dicho “La vida crece donde el agua fluye”. In·fra·struc·ture n. 1. An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. 2. The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water and power lines. In• fra • es•truc•tu•ra (s.) 1. Una base o fundación especialmente para una organización o sistema. 2. Los servicios básicos, e instalaciones necesarias para el funcionamiento de una comunidad o sociedad, como los sistemas de transporte y comunicaciones, agua y electricidad. FoLLow oTAy wATer on... SIgA AL DISTrITo De AgUA De oTAy en...