HomeMy WebLinkAbout04-29-15 Board Packet 1
OTAY WATER DISTRICT AND
OTAY SERVICE CORPORATION
SPECIAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
DISTRICT BOARDROOM
2554 SWEETWATER SPRINGS BOULEVARD
SPRING VALLEY, CALIFORNIA
WEDNESDAY
April 29, 2015
3:30 P.M.
AGENDA
1. ROLL CALL
2. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
4. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION – OPPORTUNITY FOR MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC TO
SPEAK TO THE BOARD ON ANY SUBJECT MATTER WITHIN THE BOARD'S
JURISDICTION BUT NOT AN ITEM ON TODAY'S AGENDA
5. DISCUSSION ON THE DISTRICT’S DROUGHT AND WATER CONSERVATION
EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE STATE WATER BOARD’S EMERGENCY
CONSERVATION REGULATIONS AND THE STATE’S MANDATORY CONSER-
VATION OF POTABLE URBAN WATER USE (WATTON)
6. ADJOURNMENT
2
All items appearing on this agenda, whether or not expressly listed for action, may be
deliberated and may be subject to action by the Board.
The Agenda, and any attachments containing written information, are available at the
District’s website at www.otaywater.gov. Written changes to any items to be considered at
the open meeting, or to any attachments, will be posted on the District’s website. Copies
of the Agenda and all attachments are also available through the District Secretary by
contacting her at (619) 670-2280.
If you have any disability which would require accommodation in order to enable you to
participate in this meeting, please call the District Secretary at 670-2280 at least 24 hours
prior to the meeting.
Certification of Posting
I certify that on April 27, 2015, I posted a copy of the foregoing agenda near the
regular meeting place of the Board of Directors of Otay Water District, said time being at
least 24 hours in advance of the special meeting of the Board of Directors (Government
Code Section §54954.2).
Executed at Spring Valley, California on April 27, 2015.
/s/ Susan Cruz, District Secretary
STAFF REPORT
TYPE MEETING: Special Board MEETING DATE: April 29, 2015
SUBMITTED BY:
Mark Watton, General Manager
PROJECT: DIV. NO. All
APPROVED BY:
Joseph R. Beachem, Chief Financial Officer
German Alvarez, Assistant General Manager
Mark Watton, General Manager
SUBJECT: Drought and Water Conservation Efforts
GENERAL MANAGER’S RECOMMENDATION:
This is an informational item only.
COMMITTEE ACTION:
N/A
PURPOSE:
To comply with the State Water Board’s emergency conservation
regulations and the state’s mandatory conservation of potable urban
water use.
ANALYSIS:
On April 1, 2015, Governor Jerry Brown issued a series of executive
orders on actions necessary to address California’s ongoing severe
drought. For the first time in its history, mandatory conservation
of potable urban water use is in place throughout the state. Now
entering its fourth straight year of drought, with snowpack in the
Sierra’s the scarcest it has been in 75 years of recordkeeping, with
groundwater levels declining and with major reservoir storage
shrinking each day, the governor views mandatory conservation as the
only way the state can forestall even more catastrophic impacts if it
does not rain next year.
With his executive orders, the governor established a statewide goal
of reducing urban potable water use by 25%. In real terms, the state
is seeking to reduce urban potable water use by approximately 1.3
million acre-feet over the next nine months, or roughly twice as much
water as used in San Diego County in a typical year. To achieve
these significant water savings, the governor directed the State
Water Board to implement mandatory water conservation measures in
cities and towns throughout California.
State Water Board Timeline
The State Water Board has set the following timeline for adoption of
the emergency regulations:
4/17/15 - Draft of regulatory framework and request for public comment
4/22/15 - Comments due on draft of regulatory framework
4/28/15 - Emergency rulemaking formal notice
5/5 or 5/6/15 - Board hearing and adoption
The 25% reduction target is a statewide average, with individual
water suppliers each having their own conservation goal based on
average gallons-per-capita-per-day (GPCD) data. Communities with the
lowest GPCD usage are required to achieve an additional 8% reduction
goal. Communities with the highest GPCD usage will be required to
reduce use by as much as 36%.
Current Reduction Targets by Agency
The chart below shows the mandated conservation targets for all
agencies in San Diego County. According to the current draft of the
regulations, agencies that deliver more than 20% of their total water
production to commercial agriculture may be allowed to modify their
conservation requirement. This will allow some agencies listed below
to reduce this mandated amount.
Agency Mandate
Sweetwater Authority 12%
City of San Diego 16%
Otay Water District 16%
Helix Water District 20%
City of Oceanside 20%
City of Escondido 20%
Vista Irrigation District 24%
Lakeside Water District 24%
Vallecitos Water District 24%
Padre Dam Municipal Water District 28%
San Dieguito Water District 28%
Ramona Municipal Water District 28%
Rincon Del Diablo Municipal Water District 32%
Carlsbad Municipal Water District 32%
City of Poway 32%
Fallbrook Public Utility District 36%
Rainbow Municipal Water District 36%
Olivenhain Municipal Water District 36%
Santa Fe Irrigation District 36%
Valley Center Municipal Water District 36%
Historical Residential GPCD
The state is using residential GPCD as a method for determining the
level of overall potable cutbacks each agency would need to achieve.
The state calculated the July through September residential GPCD as
93. At 93 GPCD, the Conservation Standard prescribed by the state is
16% (the state is using July-September as the basis for setting the
Conservation Standard). There is a discrepancy between what the
state is showing for the District and the current calculations. If
the state revises the standard based on the GPCD shown below, the
Conservation Standard would increase to 20%.
For reference purposes, the following is an historical GPCD for
multi-residential and single-family residential.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Master Meter 16 14 15 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 16
Residential 141 127 134 137 123 107 102 100 101 96 89
Total GPCD 157 141 149 154 140 123 117 115 117 113 105
Water Use and Revenue by Customer Type
The State Water Board is mandating cuts of 16% from the District’s
2013 potable water use. The chart below shows a breakdown of 2013
potable water use in acre-feet and total revenue by customer class.
Customer Type
No. of
Connections Usage (acre‐feet) Revenue
Single Family Residential 44,670 17,991 $ 42,815,887
Master Meter 759 3,432 $ 6,066,997
Commercial/Public 1,444 4,658 $ 6,480,313
Landscape/Ag 1,227 3,957 $ 7,535,176
Temporary 91 234 $ 504,134
Fire 730 3 $ 266,788
Total 48,921 30,276 $ 63,669,294
Single-family Residential water use makes up approximately 59% of
total potable water use in the District.
Below is a breakdown of usage that falls into the highest two tiers.
Usage that falls in these tiers is assumed to be used primarily
outdoors and offers the greatest opportunity for conservation.
Irrigation Use
(Assumed)
Excess Use
(Assumed)
Customer Type
Consumption
(acre‐feet) Tier 2 Usage Tier 3 Usage
Single‐Family Residential 17,991 5,037 2,699
Master Meter 3,432 1,030 481
Commercial/Public 4,658 978 1,025
Total 26,081 7,045 4,204
Total Tiers 2 & 3 11,249
157 141 149 154 140 123 117 115 117 113 105
‐
50
100
150
200
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Residential GPCD
Based on July through September
Compliance Assessment
The state will begin assessing compliance with the submittal of the
June monthly report on July 15th. Beyond June, the state will track
compliance on a cumulative basis. Below is a chart showing an
example provided by the state.
2013
Water Use
2015
Water Use
Monthly
Savings
Cumulative or
Running Savings
June 1,000 800 20% 20%
July 1,500 1,050 30% 26%
August 1,200 1,020 15% 22%
September 900 825 8% 20%
Using the state’s example and the actual usage for the District
starting in June of 2013, the following example of the change in
water usage for the District is provided below.
Otay Potable Water Purchases from CWA (in acre‐feet)
2013
Water
Use
2015
Water
Use
Monthly
Savings
Monthly
Savings
Cumulative or
Running
Savings
June 3,220 2,700 520 16% 16%
July 3,347 2,800 547 16% 16%
August 3,455 2,900 555 16% 16%
September 3,342 2,800 542 16% 16%
October 2,877 2,425 452 16% 16%
November 2,377 2,000 377 16% 16%
December 2,089 1,750 339 16% 16%
January 2,503 2,100 403 16% 16%
February 1,982 1,660 322 16% 16%
March 2,216 1,860 356 16% 16%
April 2,634 2,200 434 16% 16%
May 3,316 2,800 516 16% 16%
Monthly Reduction Requirements
The chart below shows total monthly potable purchases for 2013, 2014
and 2015 year-to-date and the monthly targets Otay would be required
to meet with a 16% reduction mandate.
Water Conservation Opportunities
The District has a number of public outreach tools already being used
to promote water conservation. These include use of the District’s
website, social media, newsletters, bill inserts, bill messaging,
water audits through CWA, and water audits by District staff to name
just a few. The District also has a number of communications tools
used mainly to promote customer service related outreach such as high
water use and leak alert emails and letters, door hangers, and monthly
and annual water use data presented on customer bills.
In addition to current conservation efforts, the list below outlines
additional conservation opportunities the District may choose to
pursue:
‐ Temporary staff to assist with outreach and water conservation
violation enforcement.
‐ Revision to current leak alarm process to increase frequency of
notifications and expand contact of customer base.
‐ Autodial and email campaigns to promote conservation and alert
customers to high water usage. The District currently has email
addresses for more than 60% of its customers and has phone
numbers on nearly all accounts. Messages through phone and
email are an inexpensive way to give our customers notifications
in a timely manner.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
16% Reduction Target
2013
2014
2015
State Target Reduction
‐ Increase frequency of large meter testing to ensure our largest
water users are accurately billed for all usage flowing through
their meters.
‐ Targeted outreach to high residential users via email, autodial
and regular mail.
‐ Targeted outreach to landscape irrigation customers via mail and
phone calls from Water Conservation staff.
‐ Targeted outreach to mixed-use multi-residential customers via
mail and phone calls from Water Conservation staff.
‐ Additional advertising to all customers (bill messaging, emails,
bill inserts, bill envelope messages, social media campaigns,
and signage throughout District).
‐ Individual conservation targets for all customers printed on
bills.
‐ Conservation packets to mail or handout to high users or those
interested in conserving more.
‐ Seminars on water conservation tips.
‐ Drought rates.
‐ Increased CWA water audits.
Preliminary Water Rate Guidance
CWA will be giving the member agency preliminary rate guidance on
April 29th at the Member Agency Finance Officers meeting. Typically,
the preliminary guidance is sufficient for the District to use as a
basis for adopting the annual budget. However, because of the
uncertainty of volumetric water sales due to the drought and the
state’s mandates to cut water usage, it may be advisable to delay the
approval of a rate increase. So, while the May budget workshop is
still planned, a delay may occur until staff receives clearer
information on the proposed CWA rate increase and drought response.
The Board can approve rates as late as October 7th and still implement
rates at the normal time for bills beginning January 1, 2016.
Estimated and Preliminary Water Rates under a 16% Reduction in Sales
Using the FY2015 rate model, staff ran the following scenario to
determine the effect on water rates:
1. Reduce the volumetric sales of potable water in FY2016 by 16%,
then increasing 4% in both FY2017 and FY2018, and then
maintaining the 8% as a permanent reduction in sales.
2. Reduce the volumetric sales of recycled water in FY2016 by 4%,
then increasing 2% in both FY2017 and FY2018, returning to the
FY2015 level in remaining years FY2019 and FY2020.
The resulting impact on water rates are for discussion purposes only
to give the Board a rough estimate of the rate impact of a dramatic
sales decrease.
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
FY2015 Model 5.8% 4.7% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% 4.5%
FY2016 Model 5.8% 12.4% 2.8% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7%
Increase due to
reduced water sales
7.7%
(1.9%)
(1.8%)
(1.9%)
(1.8%)
Proposition 218
Given a dramatic sales decrease of 16%, the District appears to have
just enough “room” to raise rates to balance the budget, and still
comply with Proposition 218 limitations without another 218 hearing.
The five-year Proposition 218 notice that was adopted on September 4,
2013, allows for the pass-through of all rate increases adopted by
our water providers including MWD, CWA and the City of San Diego,
without limitations. Additionally, there is an annual provision for
the internal District cost increases of up to 10% per year, which
would include reduced water sales. Last year 25% of the adopted 5.8%
rate increase was due to internal District cost increases.
As a rough estimate, using the same 25% and applying it to the 4.7%,
then adding that to the 7.7%, the total rough estimate of the
internal District cost increases is just under the 10% maximum coming
in at 9.15%.
Also note that due to the spike in FY2016 rates, the following years
will require a lower rate increase as the increases are cumulative,
year-after-year.
Use of Reserves
Currently, the District’s Water Reserves are above target by
approximately $16.6 million. While the $16.6 million will be used to
fund water projects, it can also be used to mitigate the impact of
the drought. The District could raise rates by only the 4.7%, that
was projected last year, and drawn down reserves in FY2016 by $2.5
million. With this approach, the debt coverage ratio in FY2016 drops
to 138% which is below the target of 150%.
There is also the ability to combine the use of both rates and
reserves. With this approach, rates could be increased above the
2015 planned increase of 4.7% by an additional 2.9%. This approach
would give the District a debt coverage ratio of 150% and use $1.5
million of reserves instead of $2.5 million, as discussed above.
It should be understood that the use of reserves may slightly pull
forward the time when a new debt issuance is needed. Also, it should
be understood that the possible lowering of the debt coverage ratio
could give the rating agencies cause to place the District back on
the watch list for possible ratings downgrades. Staff will be
consulting with Suzanne Harrell, the District’s Financial Advisor,
regarding potential rating agency actions related to proposed rate
increases. While it is difficult to predict the actions of rating
agencies, staff will use the advice of our Financial Advisor to
reduce the likelihood of a rating agency’s negative action.
Rates Tailored to Meet Potential Variability of Conservation
In addition to the range of rates and reserves that can be used,
there is a range of potential conservation levels that might be
obtained. Staff will be looking for a conservation level that meets
two opposing concerns. Conservation should not be set so low that if
the full 16% of conservation is actually achieved the District would
be placed in financial hardship, such as not being able to meet its
debt coverage obligation of 120%. At the same time, the projected
conservation should not be set so high that if it is significantly
underachieved the District would be collecting significantly too much
revenue from the customers. Corrective action is always an option in
the following year or potentially sooner, however, the initial range
of potential conservation does pose a new challenge with this year’s
rate setting.
Neighboring Agencies
The City of San Diego plans on conducting a Prop 218 hearing to raise
the rates, but it is unknown at this time what their rate increase
will be. Currently in their draft FY2016 budget, they have not
updated the reduced water purchases and sales but plan on doing so.
The City is waiting to hear what the final percentage cutback will be
before they propose new rates.
Helix Water District plans on reducing water sales to achieve the
state’s 20% reduction target. They don’t plan on implementing a rate
change until January 1st, but will be going through a Prop 218 process
this summer for increasing rates. In the interim, Helix is exploring
the possibility of instituting a surcharge/penalty on water use above
a certain level.
Water Conservation Timeline
The District has a long history of efforts to conserve water.
Motivated by prior droughts and the District’s location at the end of
the pipeline, Otay Boards have supported programs that have reduced
our dependency of the limited supply of potable water. These efforts
have reduced water usage significantly, prior to the most recent
drought. While staff feels strongly that these efforts should be
considered when the state calculates the savings required by our
customers, they are not being considered. Some of these efforts are
listed below.
1980- Ralph W. Chapman Water Recycling Facility opened and a costly
recycled distribution system was built.
1990- New home subdivisions in eastern Chula Vista were dual-plumbed
for potable and recycled water and all median and common
irrigation areas began using recycled water.
1991- Low flow toilet rebate program began.
1994- Washing machine rebate program began.
1999- Water Conservation Garden opens.
2001- Eastern Chula Vista schools replaced or installed artificial
turf in sports fields.
2007- Additional recycled water from the City of San Diego was
obtained.
2008- Turf removal program began.
SDCWA and MWD Supply
This section of the staff report contains information and exhibits on
the San Diego region’s water supply situation.
As a result of the 1991 drought, when the region was facing a 50%
supply reduction from MWD and was only rescued by the “March Miracle”
rains, the membership at CWA was determined to never again have that
vulnerability to supply reductions. The drought of 1991 was truly
our regional wakeup call. In the ensuing years, much has been
accomplished to reach the goal of having a regional water supply that
is diverse and reliable. This includes water recycling, the QSA IID
conservation program, the All-American Canal lining, consumer
conservation programs, desalination and more.
Because of the reliability programs that customers have funded over
the years, the supply scenario for the fiscal year, starting on July
1, 2016, shows a 1% cutback requirement would be necessary to meet
regional water demand (see chart below). This is notwithstanding the
governor’s executive order for a statewide 25% cutback, which
translates to a 16% reduction for Otay customers. The question was
recently posed that since the real water supply emergency is on the
State Water Project (SWP), due to the well-reported snowfall deficit,
“If the CWA region were to not take any SWP water, how much would it
have to reduce?” The answer is another 2%. Consequently, if the
region were able to utilize its existing water supply reliability and
not take any SWP water, a total cutback of approximately 3% would be
necessary to accomplish this goal.
The SWP is in a precarious condition with extreme cutbacks to water
deliveries to the point that some junior water rights holders will
receive no water this year, and MWD will only receive approximately
20% of its allocation.
The Colorado River supply is a large increment of water supply for
MWD’s service area and a large portion of CWA’s supply by virtue of
the QSA IID program and the All-American Canal lining. The Colorado
River and Lake Mead have been in the news for the reduced storage and
supply. The Colorado River system has a very complex “Law of the
River” water right allocation that positions the California supply
allocation, that MWD and CWA depends on, in a superior position.
Included as “Attachment A” is a set of slides from a CWA presentation
that will help explain the Colorado River supply deliveries. The
Colorado River supply for California (MWD and CWA) is at a higher
priority level than the other lower basin states, as shown in the
attached slides, and is not likely to be reduced.
SDCWA has been our regional advocate to the SWRCB. Included as
“Attachments B & C” are two letters to the SWRCB outlining the issue
with the Executive Order for not allowing the region to utilize local
water supply that customers have paid for and developed over the last
20 years. The letters also cite the high levels of conservation that
the San Diego region has achieved, approximately 28%, over the last 8
years.
FISCAL IMPACT: Joe Beachem, Chief Financial Officer
N/A
STRATEGIC GOAL:
Actively manage water supply and demand.
LEGAL IMPACT:
None.
Attachments:
A) CWA Presentation
B) SWRCB Letter 4/13/15
C) SWRCB Letter 4/22/15
..
Seven Basin States Update
Imported Water Committee
April 23, 2015
Colorado River Reservoir Operations
and Shortage Projections
~ Criteria outlined in 2007 Interim Guidelines
~ 201 5 reservoir releases determined in
August but updated this month
~ Implications of future shortage predictions
4/23/2015
1
Cu rrent Water Supply Outlook
As of April 20, 2015
Current Storage Percent Volume Elevation
Full (MAF} (Feet}
1,175
Lake Powell 45%
Lake Mead 39%
Total System 48% Storage
Upper Basin Snowpack
Forecasted Water Year
Runoff into Powell
10.87 3,590.6
10.12 1,081 .3
28.53
56% of Average
6.83 MAF
63% of Average
La ke Mead End of Month Elevations
Based on April 2015 Projections
1.150 1 Surplus Or
~ r-;:;o;,al o;er;lons----
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
~ 1,125 '
i ~ 1,100 1
!5 ·~ 1,075
> .. i:l 1,050
1,025 '
New Record
low level
1080' 1 076'
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~,&~~~~,&~~~~,~~~
9.0 MAF is most probable release volume
from Lake Powell in 2015 and 2016.
4/23/2015
2
Shortage from Lake Mead
Probability of Lower Basin Shortage
Based on January 2015 Projections
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0°/o 21% 54% 62°/o 59°/o
Reductions under pt shortage trigger at 1,075'
Preparing for Shortage
• Nevada has a new
intake pipe under
construction
• California's allocation
is not impacted
• Arizona faces largest cut
from shortage
• Potential restrictions
on ICS deliveries
• Seeking creation of an ICS
account
• Looking for alternative
supply options
4/23/2015
3
MEMBER AGENCIES
Corh,bod
Mun•c•po! Water Di.!illld
(;!)' ol Del Mor
City of Es.condido
Ctty of Notional C1ty
City of Oceanside
C1!)' ol Poway
follbrook
Pub!te Utility District
Heli,., Water Oislncl
Ql,..,unhoin
Mun1ctpol Water Dislric.l
Otoy Woter Oislt1C:.I
Padre Dom
Comp Pendleton
Morine Corps Bose
Rambow
MunlC..ipol Wotef Q,strict
Ramona
Mvn•cipol Water Otslud
Rir11:on dei Diablo
.Muntcipol Water Dbtrict
Son O.egUtto Water D1stuct
Santo Fe lmgohon Dtstnct
South Boy lrngahor, Otstfu::l
Vallecitos Water Dutnct
Volley Center
Muntcipal Water Di!.tricl
Yuimo
Mun,cipof Water Dt~!ud
OTHER
REPRESENTATIVE
County of 5on D•t..-go
COPY
San Diego County Water Authority
4677 Overland Avenue • San Diego, California 92123-1233
(858) 522-6600 FAX (858) 522-6568 www.sdcwa.org
April 13, 2015
Felicia Marcus, Chair
State Water Resources Control Board
P.O. Box 100
Sacramento, CA 95812-0100
Sent via email to: jessica.bean@waterbaards.ca.gov
Dear Chair Marcus,
With California experiencing a fourth consecutive year of drought and the possibility that it could
continue into 2016 and beyond, the San Diego County Water Authority supports the Governor's
call for increased water conservation and has called upon residents across the region to
significantly increase their conservation efforts. The Water Authority does have serious concerns
regarding the State Water Board's proposed regulatory framework to achieve the additional
conservation savings. The proposed framework would deter development of future local water
supplies, unnecessarily threaten state and regional economies and doesn't take into account the
climatic variable found in California. This comment letter provides recommendations on how the
State Water Board can address these issues and achieve the increased savings called for in the
Governor's April1, 2015 Executive Order.
The recommendations we provide are based on the Water Authority's leadership and experience
in preparing and planning for water shortages due to drought. Through our 2006 Water Shortage
and Drought Response Plan, we have established a comprehensive and orderly approach to
managing droughts that reduces the impacts of supply shortages to our region. During shortages,
the plan also includes a fair and equitable means to allocate available supplies to our member
agencies. The Water Authority worked closely with its member agencies in 2008 to also develop
a model drought response ordinance to provide consistent drought response actions throughout
the region. The water-use restrictions in the model focus on reducing discretionary water use to
avoid economic impacts and protect health and safety. All of our 24 member agencies have
updated their ordinances based on the model and enacted them in a unified manner consistent
with the State Water Board's existing emergency regulations. The Water Authority's model
ordinance is included in the Governor's Office of Planning and Research March 2014 drought
toolkit as a model to be used by agencies throughout the state.
The Water Authority and its member agencies have also long supported water conservation as a
foundational action to improve supply reliability for the San Diego region. Since 1991, the Water
Authority's water use efficiency programs and initiatives cumulatively have conserved more than
930,000 acre-feet of water. These savings have been achieved through measures ranging from
incentives on water-efficient devices, to legislative efforts, to outreach campaigns and programs.
The San Diego residents and businesses have responded to these efforts, with potable per capita
water use in San Diego County having declined 31 percent since 1990 and 24 percent from 2007.
The region has already met the state's 2009 mandate to reduce per capita water use 20 percent by
2020.
A public agency providing a safe and reliable water supply to the San Diego region
PRINTED ON IIEC. YCLED PAPU
Felicia Marcus, Chair
April 13, 2015
Page2
Below are our key concerns regarding the proposed regulatory framework with Attachment A containing
our recommendations for the draft emergency regulations.
Key Concerns:
1. The proposed framework is contrary to State policy to reduce dependence on the Bay Delta by
discouraging investment in local water supplies.
The Governor's California Water Action Plan encourages agencies to increase self-reliance,
manage and prepare for dry periods and reduce dependence on the Bay-Delta. Following the
drought of the 1990s and continuing today, the San Diego Region has been investing to diversify
our water supply and reduce dependence on imported supplies from the Metropolitan Water
District. This has been done at a substantial cost through a historic water conservation and
transfer agreement for independent Colorado River supplies and construction of the Carlsbad
Desalination Project. The diversification strategy has received strong support from the public and
our business community on the basis that it would reduce impacts to customers during water
shortages and drought periods. The $1 billion Carlsbad Desalination Project is the largest in the
western hemisphere, will produce up to 56,000 acre-feet of water annually when it begins
production in fall 201 5 and is funded by local ratepayers. Water suppliers in the region will
continue to ask ratepayers to support drought proof supplies, such as potable reuse or
desalination, and need to explain the benefits oflocal supply reliability. State action to eliminate
those benefits creates an impediment to development of drought proof supplies when customers
must reduce water even though the supplies they invested in may be available.
2. The proposed framework fails to consider the economic impacts of targeting the commercial,
institutional and industrial CCII) sector.
California's $2 trillion economy cannot survive without a reliable water supply for its business
and industry. A water supply cut of25 percent across the board to Californian's commercial and
industrial customers would have a devastating impact on the State's economy. Many, if not a
majority, of California businesses have already increased efficiency in their processes and save
water. Further cuts to these customers will gravely impact their ability to provide services and
products, and may encourage them to leave the State. The Governor's Executive Order requires
en properties, such as campuses, golf courses and cemeteries, to reduce water use by 25%.
While the Governor appears to be focused on discretionary outdoor use in the en sector, the State
Board is focused on reducing all en use, which would include process water and other essential
water use necessary to support business in this State. Manufacturing, the largest contributor to
San Diego County's $206 billion economy, will be seriously harmed by these proposed
reductions.
3. The proposed framework will have a devastating impact on agricultural production in areas
served by urban water suppliers, which have already suffered significant reductions.
The Governor has publicly stated that the current mandatory reduction program is not aimed at
California agriculture. In 2013, San Diego County had the most small farms, and was the 19th
largest agricultural economy of any county in the United States, with a value totaling $1 .9 billion.
San Diego County produces the highest dollar value per acre crop of any county in California.
Some of these farms may be served by residential meters, driving up the residential per capita use
numbers. Under the proposed framework, these micro-farms would be restricted just like
Felicia Marcus, Chair
April13, 2015
Page 3
residential ornamental landscape. Since 2007, agricultural deliveries have fallen 50% in San
Diego County because farmers have been hit hard by the economic recession and drought.
Including San Diego County agricultural in the mandated 25% reduction in potable urban water
use is inconsistent with the Governor's Executive Order and ignores the fact that agriculture is a
major economic driver in our region. If left unchanged, local agriculture would be devastated
under the proposed framework.
4. The proposed framework incorrectly assumes that higher per capita water use is always due to
inefficient and inappropriate water use and fails to consider climate and weather.
Water use is significantly impacted by weather, economy and local land uses. Under the tiered
water reduction approach, coastal communities with naturally lower water use are being
rewarded, while inland rural communities are being penalized. In addition to inappropriately
penalizing inland communities, the proposed framework fails to consider average differences in
temperature and rainfall, local land uses, such as agriculture, residential ownership of livestock
and other urban and rural land uses. The proposed regulation requires one third ofthe State's
water suppliers to require their customers to reduce water use by 35%. This is inappropriately
based on a single month of use in September 2014. Although weather is the largest short-term
driver of water use during a single month, the proposed criteria fails to consider this when
determining compliance.
As it is currently written, the approach taken in the proposed mandatory conservation framework creates
policy that does not promote safe, sustainable and integrated water management. During these times of
critical water supply shortages, the State Water Board's actions will have a significant impact on future
water supply reliability. Similar to our model drought response ordinance, we recommend that the
framework focus on reducing discretionary water use in order to preserve water to protect public health
and safety, and to support the $2 trillion California economy.
With the rapid time frame for developing criteria, we appreciate that State Board releasing a conceptual
regulatory framework to the public for comment before drafting actual regulations. Attachment A
includes the Water Authority's specific recommendations for changes to the Mandatory Conservation
Framework. We hope these recommendations will help guide the State Board's development of
emergency regulations that can preserve the State's water supply, encourage local water supply
development, and be reasonably implementable by water suppliers.
Sincerely,
Maureen A. Stapleton
General Manager
Attachment A
cc: State Water Resources Control Board Members
Son Diego County
Woter Authority
Attachment A
San Diego County Water Authority's Recommendations for Changes to the Mandatory
Conservation Framework
A. Include Development of Drought-Proof Supplies as a Means for Agencies to Demonstrate
Compliance.
• One of the ultimate goals in managing California's drought is to decrease reliance on Bay-Delta
supplies severely impacted by four consecutive dry years. Reducing an agency's demand on
t hese supplies can be accomplished in two ways: (1) conservation savings; and (2) development
of local drought proof supplies. The Governor's Executive Order highlights the importance of
developing local water supply projects by requiring state agencies to prioritize permitting of
water infrastructure projects and programs that increase local supplies.
• Increasing regional self-reliance through the development of local supplies is a key action
included in the Governor's California Water Action Plan to ensure water security at the local
level.
• The proposed regulatory framework must take into account investments being made in local
drought-proof supplies; otherwise agencies will have no incentive to continue developing these
supplies.
Recommendation: The emergency regulations should exclude from the June 2015 through February
2016 monthly water production reporting any local or regional drought-proof supplies, such as
desalination or potable reuse projects that begin production after 2013. Communities should be able to
reach their identified tier cut back target through any combination of demand reduction or demand
displacement through creation of new drought-proof supplies.
B. Focus reductions in the Commercial, Industrial and Institutional (CII) sectors on discretionary
landscape uses, not Cll uses needed to support the economy. Encourage State leadership in
institutional sector.
• The Governor's Executive Order asked for a 25% reduction in Cll uses, such as campuses, golf
courses, and cemeteries. The Executive Order is focused on discretionary uses and not critical
uses, such as process water, required to support economic output.
Attachment A
April13, 2015
Page 2
• The proposed regulatory framework targets Cll water uses that are critical to maintaining the
livelihood of businesses and our economy. If implemented as regulations, the framework could
hamper economic recovery in San Diego and statewide.
• Most institutions, such as state universities, community colleges, schools, and prisons are State
funded, putting the State in a better position than local agencies to encourage or mandate
conservation activities.
Recommendations:
(1) The Cll water use reductions goals should be focused on discretionary outdoor irrigation use as
measured by dedicated landscape meters and reported to the State. Other reporting of Cll water
use should not be mandated.
(2) The State should take a leadership role on obtaining compliance for reductions for institutional
customers subject to State funding.
C. Exempt All Agricultural Deliveries from Mandatory 25% Reduction in Urban Water Use.
• The Governor's Executive Order clearly excludes agricultural water usage from the directive
requiring a 25% statewide reduction in potable urban water use.
• San Diego County has a $1.9 billion agriculture economy and is the 19th largest agricultural
county in the United States.
• "Urban water suppliers" within San Diego's North County provide the water necessary to sustain
this agricultural production.
• There are urban water suppliers and small water suppliers within the county whose agricultural
demands account for the majority of their water deliveries.
• In San Diego County, supply shortages from Metropolitan Water District will occur in 2015 and
agricultural customers will experience supply cutbacks equal to or greater than municipal and
industrial customers.
• Under the proposed framework, San Diego County farmers supplied by urban water agencies
would experience economic hardship greater than other farms in California.
Recommendations:
(1) The emergency regulations must clearly exempt California agriculture across the state from the
mandated 25% statewide reduction in urban water use.
(2) Urban water suppliers that exclude their agricultural deliveries must have adopted 2010 urban
water management plans that identify their agricultural demands and contain a water shortage
contingency plan.
Attachment A
April 13, 2015
Page 3
D. Agencies should be provided adequate time to enforce water use reduction and enforcement
penalties should consider agencies' compliance efforts; penalties should be used to support local
drought response.
• Water suppliers understand the seriousness of the drought and the important and urgent need
to reduce demands.
• Water suppliers need to have time to educate customers on the water reduction requirements
and provide customers with due process.
• A phased-in approach to reaching the goals will be most effective to create both short-term and
permanent long-term water use reductions
• Compliance determinations should be based on results of actions taken by water suppliers and
their customers, not short-term fluctuations based on weather.
• An industry-accepted scientific approach to model monthly weather normalization has already
been developed by Department of Water Resources and could be used by the State Board.
• Water supplier penalties should be reduced if they are aggressively pursuing actions to comply
with the goals.
Recommendations:
The emergency regulations should contain the following approach regarding assessing compliance and
enforcement:
{1) Reaching the conservat ion standard should be progressive in the following 90 day increment s:
Time frame Average water use reduction(a)
First 90 days 15% (if applicable)
Second 90 days 25% (if applicable)
Third 90 days 35% (if applicable)
(a) Average of monthly weat her normalized data dunng 90 day penod, as compared to average of monthly 2013 water use data
during same time period.
{2) The water suppliers should report monthly on water use, and the actions and approach they are
taking to reduce water use.
{3 ) If an agency is not meeting their targets as described in the above table, water suppliers should
be ordered to prepare a "corrective action plan" identifying measures to be implemented to
come into compliance.
(4) Failure to achieve required water use reductions should be finally determined only at the end of
the 270-day duration of the emergency regulation and water production data should be
weather-normalized to accurately reflect water reductions obtained through a water supplier's
actions to require conservation and their customer response.
(5) Penalties should be reduced on a sliding scale based on amount conserved. This will encourage
all agencies to take immediate action toward achieving their goals.
Attachment A
April13, 2015
Page4
(G) Any penalties collected for violations should be allowed to remain with the local or regional
agency where the violation occurred for use in local conservation programs or development of
local drought proof water supplies.
E. The State Board should not use a single month to determine an agency's conservation standard.
• The Governor's Executive Order established a baseline year of 2013.
• Utilizing September 2014 residential per capita water use to establish an agency's conservation
standard is not an accurate measure of an agency's overall water usage and unfairly targets
areas of the state with warmer climates.
• Agencies will be measured over the course of nine months, so therefore an average per capita
water use would be more appropriate for determining their conservation target.
Recommendation: Instead of a single month, the emergency regulations should use a 12-month average
of water use during the baseline year of 2013, to establish the ran kings for the required percent
reduction of per capita use for each water agency.
MEMBER AGENCIES
Municipal Woter District
City of Del Mar
City of E•cond;do
City of NaHonal City
City of Oceons1de
City of Poway
City of San D;ego
Fallbrook
Public Utility District
Helix Water District
Olivenhoin
Municipal Water District
Otoy Water Di.stric.t
Padre Dam
Municipal Wotet District
Camp Pendleton
Morine Corps Bose
Rainbow
Municipal Water District
Ramona
Municipal Water Dtstrict
Rincon del Diablo
Municipal Worer District
Son Oieguilo Water Oistrid
Sonto Fe Irrigation District
So"th Boy Irrigation District
Vallecitos Wator District
Volley Center
Municipal Woter District
Vista Irrigation District
Yuirno
Municipal Water District
OTHER
REPRESENTATIVE
County of Son Diego
COPY
San Diego County Water Authority
4677 Overland Avenue • San Diego, California 92123-1233
(858) 522-6600 FAX (85 8) 522-6568 www.sdcwa.org
April 22, 2015
Felicia Marcus, Chair
State Water Resources Control Board
P.O. Box 100
Sacramento, CA 95812-0100
Sent via email to: jessica. bean @waterboards.ca.gov
Dear Chair Marcus:
The San Diego County Water Authority appreciates the opportunity to provide recommendations
on the State Water Resources Control Board's (State Water Board's) Draft Emergency
Regulations for Urban Water Conservation (draft regulations). We appreciate the efforts by the
State Water Board to incorporate previously submitted comments into the draft regulations
released April18. It was encouraging to see that the draft regulations recognize that commercial
agricultural water use in San Diego County is not a part of the Governor's goal to reduce urban
water use by 25 percent. This is a welcomed change in the draft framework, and will help protect
San Diego County's $1.9 billion agricultural sector.
In the Water Authority's Aprill3, 2015 comment letter on the State Water Board's proposed
framework, we recommended that the regulations recognize the critical importance of
developing new drought-proof supplies during these times of serious drought shortages to help
protect the State's $2 trillion economy and the health and welfare of the citizens of California.
Demand reduction -the sole focus of the proposed regulations -is one side of a two-sided coin
to meeting the challenges posed by prolonged drought; the other is new supply development.
The draft regulations can play a vital role in advancing the Governor's Water Action Plan and
state law if they provide appropriate credit for the development of drought-proof water supplies.
The Governor's California Water Action Plan encourages agencies to increase self-reliance,
manage and prepare for dry periods and reduce dependence on the Bay-Delta. Specifically, the
Roadmap for Action in the 2013 update prioritizes regional self-reliance:
"Increase regional self-reliance for water by investing in water use efficiency, water
recycling, advanced water technologies, local and regional water-supply projects,
improved regional coordination of local and regional water supplies, and other
strategies. "
In addition, The Delta Plan published by the Delta Stewardship Council in 2013, said:
"Consequently, to achieve the statewide water supply mandates and the coequal goal of
statewide water supply reliability, regions located outside the Delta also must take
A public agency providing a safe and reliable water supply to the San Diego region
PRINTED ON RECYClfD PAI'f'R
Ms. Felicia Marcus
April 22, 2015
Page2
actions outside the Delta to increase water efficiency and develop sustainable local and
regional sources of water. which will contribute to improved water supply reliability.
Individual actions by water suppliers throughout the state will be vital to success in this
regard." (Emphasis added.)
A similar mandate occurs in Section 85021 of State Water Code (added by SBX7-1, 2009):
"The policy of the State of California is to reduce reliance on the Delta in meeting
California's future water supply needs through a statewide strategy of investing in
improved regional supplies, conservation, and water use efficiency. Each region that
depends on water from the Delta watershed shall improve its regional self-reliance for
water through investment in water use efficiency, water recycling. advanced water
technologies. local and regional water supply proiects, and improved regional
coordination of local and regional water supply efforts." (Emphasis added)
While the proposed regulations have an initial effective period of only 270 days, the State Board
must look beyond this fourth-consecutive year of drought and provide an incentive for local
agencies to expedite the development of new drought-proof supplies. In formulating and
adopting these regulations, the State Board should consider the very real possibility that this
drought will stretch into a fifth and sixth year -perhaps longer. With proposed reduction targets
as high as 36 percent for the period of June 1, 2015-February 28, 2016, should the drought
continue unabated, it will not be realistic to assume that the imposition of even deeper demand
reductions next year or the year after could be achieved without causing serious damage to the
California economy. Development of new drought-proof supplies may prove to be the only
method to protect California's economy from more prolonged and recurring droughts.
ModifyinK the proposed regulations to provide an increased emphasis on new sup,ply
development to support the local economy would provide an unprecedented catalyst for a new
era of local supply development, as urban water suppliers will be highly motivated by their civic
leaders, businesses, industries and residents to improve local water supply conditions to protect
their economies and quality of life from the specter of even steeper cutbacks.
In addition to modifying the regulations to provide credit for the development of new, drought-
proof local supplies, outlined above, we also recommend the following changes to the proposed
regulations to improve clarity, focus actions on achieving immediate water use reductions, and
target waste and unreasonable use.
1. Section 864 ( a)(8) requires irrigation with potable water outside of newly constructed
homes and buildings to be delivered by drip or microspray, but does not define "newly
constructed." For clarity, "newly constructed" should include homes and buildings
where a permit for the landscape construction has not been issued by the local
jurisdiction prior to the effective date of this regulation.
2. Section 865(b )(2) requires water suppliers to submit water use data for each of the
following sectors: commercial, industrial and institutional. It is important to note that
agencies can only submit water use data consistent with their existing billing system, and
not all may be able to comply with the specific requirements of the regulations. The
language should be modified to provide added flexibility that will facilitate reporting of
information.
Ms. Felicia Marcus
April 22, 2015
Page3
3. Section 865(d)(2) states that compliance will be detennined on a cumulative basis. The
fact sheet implies that compliance would be based on a four-month running average.
We recommend that the language in the regulation be modified to reflect a four-month
running average as the basis for compliance. Use of a running average will encourage
agencies that have challenges meeting the goals during the first month to continue trying
to come into compliance over the 270-day compliance period.
4. Section 866 states that the State Board may issue conservation orders requiring
additional actions by the supplier to come into compliance with the conservation
standard. We recommend that the regulation be more specific on the types of actions the
State Board might include in the orders. The State Board orders should focus on
activities that gain the most immediate water savings including short-term landscape
restrictions and proactive enforcement. The fact sheet suggests that the orders could
include mandates on changes to rates and pricing, restrictions on outdoor irrigation,
public outreach rebates and audit programs, leak detection and repair and other methods.
Rates and pricing mechanisms that may be used to help encourage conservation should
be left to individual water agencies, which must comply with statutory and
Constitutional rate-setting requirements based upon the unique facts and circumstances
present within each agency. Incentive programs should not be included as a part of any
conservation order. While incentives are an important aspect of long-term conservation
programs, during mandatory water use restrictions, new incentive programs will not
contribute significantly to achieving the immediate water use reductions required by
these regulations. Agencies that currently manage conservation incentive programs are
likely to keep those programs in operation for the duration of these regulations and
beyond.
5. The proposed reduction goals were set without consideration of actual water uses or a
definition of what might be considered waste and unreasonable use. This could have
unintended consequences by requiring actions that are not targeted at waste and
unreasonable use if the established goal is not reasonably achievable. Section 866 of the
regulations should define what is clearly not intended by this regulation, including:
actions that would put human health and safety at risk; reductions of water use necessary
for sustaining animals and livestock; and reductions in commercial or industrial use that
would reduce the economic output of business.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the proposed regulations. Attachment A includes
specific recommendations for changes to the regulations highlighted in yellow. We hope these
recommendations will help the State Board to refine it regulations and are offered in the hopes of
improving the success of the regulations.
~y, ~~ ~)
Maureen A. Stapleton
General Manager
Enclosure
Attachment A
San Diego County Water Authority's Recommendations for Changes to Emergency Regulation
PROPOSED TEXT OF EMERGENCY REGULATION
Article 22.5. Drought Emergency Water Conservation.
Sec. 864. User Require nts in P omotion of Water Conservation.
(a) To ent the waste and unreasonable use of water and to romote water
the folio · g actions is prohibited, except where necessary to
address an immedia health , d safety need or to comply with a term or condition in a
permit issued by a sta or federal agency:
( 1) The application of potable water to outdoor landscapes in a manner that causes
runoff such that water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, private and
public walkways, roadways, parking lots, or structures;
(2) The use of a hose that dispenses potable water to wash a motor vehicle, except
where the hose is fitted with a shut-off nozzle or device attached to it that causes it to
cease dispensing water immediately when not in use;
(3) The application of potable water to driveways and sidewalks; and
( 4) The use of potable water in a fountain or other decorative water feature,
except where the water is part of a recirculating system;
( 5) The application of potable water to outdoor landscapes during and within 48
hours after measurable rainfall; aRt!
(6) The serving of drinking water other than upon request in eating or drinking
establishments, including but not limited to restaurants, hotels, cafes, cafeterias, bars, or
other public places where food or drink are served and/or purchased . .:,_
(7) The irrigation with potable water of ornamental turf on public street medians;
(8) The irrigation with potable water outside of newly constructed homes and
Buildings that is not delivered by drip or microspray systems. · s applies to landscapes for
newly constructed homes and buildings where a landscape permit has not been issued by the
local jurisdiction prior to the effective date of this regulation.
(b) To promote water conservation, operators ofho
guests with the option of choosing not to have towels and ·
hotel or motel shall prominently display notice of this ept:io
clear and easily understood language.
c Immediate} u n this subdivision
Authority:
References:
and motels shall provide
laundered daily. The
in each guestroom using
shortage contingency plan to include mandatory restrictions on the ntHilber of days that
outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf vrith potable water is allov~ed and
implement these restrictions within forty five (4 5) days. Urban 'Nater suppliers with
appro';ed alternate plans as described in subdivision (b)(2) are exempted from tllis
requirement.
(2) An urban water supplier may submit a request to the I:!Jfecutive Director for
appro•;al of an alternate plan that includes allocation based rate structures that satisfies
the requirements of chapter 3. 4 (coHlfH:encing with section 370) of d:Prision 1 of the Water
Code, and the ~ecuti're Director may appro•;e such an alternate plan upon detennifli.ng
that the rate structure, in conjunction with other measures, achieves a le¥el of
conservation that vrould be superior to that achieYed by implementing limitatioflS on
outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf with potable water by the persons it
serves to no more than two days per week.
(e) To promote water conservation, each urban v1ater supplier that does not ha>re a
water shortage contingency plan that restricts the IRHllber of days that outdoor irrigation
of ornamental landscapes and turf with potahle water is allowed, or has been notified b)'
the Department of \Vater Resources that its water shortage contingency plan does not
=~==~~,
( dh) In furtherance of the promotion of water co s ·on each urban water
compared to the amount used in the same month in 2013.
statistics on water
of days that outdoor
industrial sector use and
(4) Each urban water supplier whose average July-September 2014 R-GPCD
was between 65 and 79.9 shall reduce its total water usage by 12 percent for each month
as compared to the amount used in the same month in 2013.
(5) Each urban water supplier whose average July-September 2014 R-GPCD
was between 80 and 94.9 shall reduce its total water usage by 16 percent for each month
as compared to the amount used in the same month in 2013.
(6) Each urban water supplier whose average July-September 2014 R-GPCD
was between 95 and 109.9 shall reduce its total water usage by 20 percent for each
month as compared to the amount used in the same month in 2013.
7 Each urban water su lier whose avera e Jul -Se tember 2014 R-GPCD was
between 110 and 129.9 shall reduce its total water usa e ercent for each month as
ste and unreasonable use of water and to promote water
conservation, each distn tor of a public water supply, as defmed in Water Code section
350, that is not an urban water supplier shall, v.'ithin forty fi''e (4 5) days, take one or
more of the following actions:
(lA) Limit outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf with potable water
by the persons it serves to no more than two days per week; or
(2B) Implement another mandatory conservation measure or measures intended to
achieve a 2{}25 percent reduction in water consumption by the persons it serves relative to
the amount consumed in 2013.
(2) Each distributor of a public water supply, as defined in Water Code section
350, that is not an urban water supplier shall submit a report by December 15, 201 5, on a
form provided by the Board, that includes:
(A) Total potable water production, by month, from June through November,
2015, and total potable water production, by month, for June through November 2013; or
(B)Confirmation that the distributor limited outdoor irrigation of ornamental
landscapes or turf with potable water by the persons it serves to no more than two days
per week.
Authority: Section 1058.5, Water Code.
References: Sections 102, 104, 105, 350, 1846, 10617 2, Water Code.
Sec. 866. Additional Conservation Tools.
To nn_.",...Tl
requiring additional d r o u g h t r e s p o n s e actions by the supplier to come into __ _
compliance with its conservation standard. The order may mandate the water supplier to
take the following short-term drought response actions either by itself or in coordination
with other regional water agencies, intended to create immediate water savings: ___ _
'i. Adopt a drought response ordinance allowing the agency to enforce necessarv. ---
drought restrictions ______ ____:....__..____~--=---~....::..--------
ii. Implement public outreach on the types of restrictions that are mandated and
t.-st-en_s_t-he public can take to reduce water cons~ption --~~~--------___ ~iii, Restrict discretionary uses of water including reductions in land=sc.;...;a=p=e.._ __
i ·gation. ----~~--L~----~~--------------iv. Implement active enforcement actions on customers that are non-compliance
r..-w...,--it-h-.,.lo_c_,.,a .... l-d=r~ught restrictions~--~--=-----'~------------
-~._Immediately respond and repair water system leaks.
cutive irector, or his designee, may issue an informational order
reqwrmg water su · ts, 0r commerciaL industrial or institutional properties not served
by a water supplier meetm t e requirements of Water Code section 1061 7 or section
350, to submit addition ormation beyond that required to be reported pursuant to the
other provisions of this article. The failure to provide the information requested within
30 days or any additional time extension granted is a violation subject to civil liability of
up to $500 per day for each day the violation continues pursuant to Water Code section
1846.
(c) It is not the intent of this regulation to of a
conservation order:
( 1) Actions that would put human health and safety at risk;
(2) Reductions of water necessary for sustaining animals and livestock;
(3) Reductions in commercial or industrial use that would reduce the economic o ut
of business;
( 4) Irrigation restrictions that would result in permanent damage to trees;
5) Any action that is not legal under California law or the California Constitution.
Authority: Section 1058.5, Water Code.
References: Sections 100, 102, 104, 105, 174, 186, 187, 275, 350, 1051, 1122, 1123,
1825, 1846, 10617 and 10632, Water Code.